Muslims As Physicists In The Golden Era Of Islam

From the time immemorial the anecdotes of different civilisations got transferred from one generation to other despite of the continues tragedies. Unknown number of nations ,first settled and than subjected to mal destruction.The giant palaces and well designed architecture assumed the shape of deserts. The natural calamities ,diseases, internal conflicts and earthquakes enforced many civilisations to end their journey on a tragic note.But while facing their extinction the nations were busy in recording their wisdom, either through digging stones or through lining barks .This helps man to communicate the possessed knowledge to the succeeding generations., which reached us in the form of books and digital information.
                   Much of this work was done by the muslim world during the Golden age.Through out the  Islamic Golden age ,dated from the mid 7th century to the mid 13th century ,artists ,engineers, scholars, philosophers & traders in the Islamic world contributed to almost every field ,both by preserving the earlier traditions and by adding the new innovations.In Bagdad "House Of Wisdom " was established to gather and translate the world's knowledge into Arabic which could have been otherwise forgotten.
Maulana Shibli (a.r) rightly said , ' the fact is this and no one can deny ,it that during the golden age ,muslims translated almost whole knowledge into their own language. If the muslims wouldn't have been their ,than the treasures of knowledge  Of Egypt ,France & India would have been destroyed."
              From the field of philosophy to the field physiology, from astrology to astronomy ,from geomatry to geography, Muslims have made tremendous inventions and discoveries. One of the most important of these subjects ,Muslims influenced was physics. Muslims as physicists have decorated the history of science.
1)Abu Ishaq Ibrahim bin Jandab:-  Ibrahim bin jandab was one of the most renowned Muslim astronomer of the 8th century. He invented an instrument "Isturlaab"  ,a type of telescope for observing the distinct objects. Today the world excepts Galileo as the inventor of telescope who actually just modified the  Isturlaab.
2)Mashallah   ibn Athari :- Mashallah was considered as one of the pioneer civil engineer of the Baghdad. By using the telescope ( isturlaab) he studied the space and formulated his ideas in a book ,which was considered as the first write up in the Abbasid Caliph.
3)Ahmad bin Musa Shakir:- He was the first Mechanic of the Muslim world. He attributed some wonderful inventions in the field of mechanics .It is  said that the watch ,Haroon Rashid presented to the king of France, was invented by Musa Shakir.
4)Abu Ma'shar al - balkhi:- Also known as Al -Falaki was a Persian astrologer astronomer and Muslim phislospher ,thought to be the greatest astrologer of the Abbasid court.
5)Al- Marwazi:- Marwazi is the title of several Persian peoples who where born in the town of Merr,greater khorasan ,these  People include :-
° Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi (d. after 869 in Iraq), Persian astronomer,geographer, and mathematician who
described trigonometric ratios.
° Abu Tahir Marwazi , 12th-century
prominent Persian philosopher from Khwarezmia.
° Sharaf al-Zaman al-Marwazi , a  physician and author of Nature of Animals.
° 'Abdallah ibn Muhammad ibn Yazdad al-Marwazi (died 875), a senior Persian official of the Abbasid Caliphate in the mid-9th century.
6)Ibn al- Haythm:-
The study of experimental physics began with Ibn al -
Haytham, a pioneer of modern optics , who introduced
the experimental scientific method and used it to
drastically transform the understanding of light and
vision in his Book of Optics, which has been ranked
alongside Isaac Newton ’s Philosophiae Naturalis
Principia Mathematica as one of the most influential
books in the history of physics, for initiating a scientific
revolution in optics and visual perception .
         Innumerable other advances were also made by Muslim physicists astronomers.
         But after the crusades  from west that resulted in the instability of the Islamic world during 11th century, a new threat came from the east,the Mongol invasion in 13 th century. Eventually they invaded very wide parts of the Islamic world and entered into conflicts which resulted in the evolution of wars in the 17th century. The decline apparently continued untill the 20th century and all the treasures if Muslim world were looted away .That is why today we talk  about Newton,Galileo, Aristotle, Albert Einstein but we possess a minimum info of our brave heroes in the field of science & art.
               But defeat is not declared when you fall down it is declared when you refuse to get up. We will not refuse to get up ,we will rejuvenate ,we will rebirth, we will rediscover our lost glory.we will work  to produce physicists ,mathematicians ,philosopher's, scholars,astronomers and experts from which we departed in the Golden era.Dr. Iqbal encourages us :-
 
   Kitab-E-Millat-E-Baiza Ki Phir Sheeraza
Bandi Hai
Ye Shakh-E-Hashmi Karne Ko Hai Phir
Barg-E-Bar Paida
This book of the Radiant Community is
receiving a new binding;
The Hashimite branch is once more
ready to bring forth new leaves and fruit.

Lets Pledge To Protect The Environment

  " The environment is everything that  isn't me",Albert Einstein the 20th century's most influential genius said.It includes everything around us ,the air we breathe ,the water we drink and the soil we live upon .It is composed of both biotic and abiotic components. The nature has created both the factors in a fixed proportion and measure both of them qualitatively and quantitatively. The creator of the whole universe in His divine book ,Quran has declared that:- 
          "And we have produced therein everything in balance".
          The whole lot the God has produced is a wondrous sign and in itself expresses the greatness of its producer.He has not created anything useless,without wisdom ,value and purpose. Everything present here benefit the man directly or indirectly. Nan in the realm of nature constantly interacts with it for the air he breathes ,the water he drinks ,the food he eats and the energy he needs.we can't live without nature as we are connected with it by blood ties .
              The Edward Wilson's term ,biodiversity , referring to variety of life forms and habitats has a great importance to mankind. It is an indispensable for sustaining various services like gaseous exchange, pollination, soil formation etc .Such services will otherwise cost 16 to 54 trillion US dollars per year.Moreover it has the stupendous scientific importance.Latest estimates suggest that their are 3.04 trillion trees all across the globe.Out of which 20 plant species are used which provide 85 ℅ if world's food.Furthermore it akso possess various fabric and aesthetic values.
              This indicates that the earth provides enough to stastifies every mans need, but when need turns to greed .The man has destroyed and manipulated the nature in all its forms ,in air ,in water and in land. The concerns about the environment continues to escalate. Mounting level of carbon dioxide in the earths atmosphere would raise the temperature, melting the polar ice caps and raising the sea levels.According to the Environment Protection Agency ( EPA) ,between 1℅ and 11℅     of all marine life has succumbed to extinction between 1975 & 2015 .The water pollution snatched  the precious lives of human life by increasing the chances of malaria ,dengue ,cancer etc. Besides this the soil pollution if unchecked, could lead to extinction of all types of life upon earth ....including us.
            Now let us jolt from the earth to the paradise ,the Kashmir ,whose ecological balance has been severely disturbed as a result of unabated environmental destruction. The worry about pollution has been increased unexpectedly by the last time devastated floods which were caused as a result of climatic changes ,environmental degradation and unplanned growth. All the aesthetic places are at the verge of pollution. The sorry state of Dal lake ,the worse condition of Gulmarg ,pahalgam and sonamarg indicate the same.As estimated, the Gulmarg generates atleast 131.6 waste tons of solid waste annually. Ironically the local parks promote immodesty and ugliness instead of elegance and charm.
                Thus and so is the high demand of those efforts at global level in general and local  level in particular, which could lead to a way of healthy environment. Islam, the religion of peace and harmony, always stresses its followers to protect and preserve  the earth.The prophet Mohammad ( PBUH) said," If any muslim plants a tree or sows a feild and a human ,bird or animal eats from it shall be reckoned as a chastity from him"( Al- Bukhari)
            We can also achieve things to save the environment at individual level but when there is a team work and collaboration wonderful things can be achieved.
               Islami Jamait e Tulba Jammu & Kashmir, the largest students organization of the state ,the trustee of youthful emotions, the harbinger of peace and harmony    ,in its recent welcoming step has decided to dedicate the ongoing month for environment awareness among the students across the state .The multiple activities in all places especially in campuses ,will be undertaken ,that include , awareness rallies of students, inter school debates ,quiz ,seminars ,painting competition, poster campaigning etc.Fortunately it is an opportunity for those people especially youth of the state who want to safeguard the environment .So let us pledge ,let us help and let us participate in this   appreciating step to save this land.